Learning Valuation: PT AKR Corporindo Tbk
Disclaimer:
This example was created on February 22, 2017. This is NOT a valuation, forecast, rating, or recommendation; rather, it is a teaching example. What follows is NOT investment advice; rather, it is a teaching example. It is intended only as academic information to those who want to learn about valuation. It should not be construed as the basis for any valuation or investment. The information in this presentation came from various sources which we believe are reliable, though we do not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy or completeness of such information. We hope you enjoy learning about valuation as much as we do!
Background
AKR was born as a small chemical trading business over 55 years ago in Surabaya. It has since grown to become one of Indonesia’s largest private sector distributors of basic chemicals, petroleum, logistics and supply chain solutions.
AKR supplies refined petroleum products from international refineries to the mining industry, government power utility, industrial and commercial establishments and also to the retail sector through its petrol stations.
Today, AKR is the supplier of choice to industrial companies in the textiles, alumina, chemical, soap and detergent industries and supplies basic chemicals to the construction and consumer-related industries.
The 9-month 2016 revenue breakdown shows that 68% comes from petroleum distribution.
Forecast
The first thing we can see about this company is that the revenue has been falling as oil prices took a dive. The net profit has been rising, however, which is very impressive in a falling environment.
The net margin, therefore, has risen to about 8.4%, and I’m going to keep it generally flat and up slightly for that period.
Assets
In the asset side of the balance sheet, we can see that the total net fixed asset growth is about 7%, and the total asset growth is in the range of 7% to 11%.
Liabilities and Equity
The amount of funding that the company gets is short term ─ very small ─ and they have a reasonable amount of long-term debt at about IDR 3,203 billion in 2016.
The dividend payout ratio is rising slightly, and I’m forecasting that it will rise in the future.
Cash Flow
If we now look at the cash flow statement, what we can see is that the operating cash flows are positive and rising over time. And we can see that the investing cash flows related to both CAPEX and investments are staying pretty stable over time.
Free Cash Flow
Now, let’s look at the absolute valuation of the company. The first thing we want to look at is the free cash flow data. In this example, what I like to look at are the NOPAT, the amount of CAPEX that the company has, and the change in working capital.
Invested Capital
From this, we want to look at the amount of invested capital in the business, and we can see that IDR 10,776 billion is the current amount of invested capital. We assume that that’s going to rise slightly.
So the return on invested capital has almost doubled, and we’re saying that it’s going to stay that way until we get to the fade period, where it will start to come down.
Per Share Data
The earnings per share growth is about 10% to 20%, but the dividend growth is actually 36% in 2017 due to the increase in the payout ratio. Once again it’s 24% in 2018 because of another increase in the payout ratio.
Cost of Capital
Let’s look at our assumptions.
Remember that Indonesia is a high-interest rate country. Therefore, the risk-free rate is about 9% ─ that incorporates that very high interest rate.
The market premium, which I’m estimating at 9%, gives me a market return of 18%. This is a pretty high market return in Asia, but it’s mainly driven by the fact that there are high interest rates for a long time in that economy.
Now, the company’s beta is 0.75, which gives a cost of equity of about 16%.
If we look at the cost of weighted average cost of capital, we come up with about 13.5. So 13.5 to 15.8 is the range.
Terminal Factors
Here, we’ve taken a three-year linear fade, where the company can move down to normal profitability, and we’re fading that ROIC down to the weighted average cost of capital.
The growth assumption for the terminal period is 3%, and we can also see that the multiples for the terminal period are at 9.5 and 7.8, which are relatively reasonable.
NOPAT
We can map that out and show that in the discrete period, we’re showing a rising NOPAT. Eventually, in the fade period, that growth slows down to be 3, 2 and 0. And then we move to the terminal period.
Absolute Valuation
First of all, the difference in value between free cash flow to equity and free cash flow to the firm comes from a higher value for the discrete period and the terminal period while the fade period has the same value.
What we can see is that the dividend discount model values the terminal period at 4 versus free cash flows valued at about 7 to 7.9.
Of course, in the case of free cash flow to the firm, we take away debt and we end up with free cash flow to the firm of 10,489 in shareholder value.
And so, the equity per share comes out to be IDR 2,655.
With the current price of IDR 6,125, AKR appears to be expensive based on DDM, free cash flow to the firm, and free cash flow to equity.
Relative Valuation
The PE is what you pay in price for one in earnings, and it is a simple and commonly used measure
We compare a company against its sector in its country, its region and worldwide.
The company’s 2017 EPS times the country’s PE in 2017 for the industrial sector gives a value of IDR 6,787.
The absolute values that we’ve already set are IDR 2,297; IDR 2,655; and IDR 4,168. And now we’ve got IDR 6,787.
If we look at the chart, we can see from a PE-to-growth basis that the stock looks a little bit cheap compared to Indonesia. And if we move on to the price-to-book, what we’re going to see is that the price-to-book is especially useful for firms where assets are the core drivers for earnings or where earnings are volatile.
The price-to-book multiple of Indonesia’s industrial sector for 2017 times the company’s 2017 book value per share results in a value of IDR 4,754, which is lower than the PE value.
Here’s an interesting thing where we can see that the ROE of the company is 21 versus the ROE of the industry.
So by multiplying times 2.5, which is the industry, we’re not really compensating for the fact that the company has a higher return on equity. In fact, if we did that, we may find out that the price-to-book value comes out to be higher than IDR 4,754.
The current price is IDR 6,125, and the relative value estimates show that the share may be fairly valued or overvalued.
Absolute valuations also show that this stock may be overvalued.
Sensitivity Analysis
Again, I look at sales, gross margin, discount change and terminal growth.
From this, what we can see is that the net margin of the company and the EPS are pretty volatile when it comes to gross margin. Particularly, you can see that the PEG ratio is almost always super volatile.
But from a free cash flow to equity or a dividend discount model, we can see the variation that is coming between the bottom and the top. We can also look at terminal growth assumptions and discount growth rate assumptions.
In this case, our discount rate was pretty high. Maybe what we say is, “We’ll bring it down.” And here we bring it down to 15%, and we can see that the value of the company rises slightly.
That gives you an idea of AKR. I hope you learned something from it.
Have a great day!
Check out the World Class Benchmarking of PT AKR Corporindo Tbk
Let us know if you have any questions or comments. Also, please mention things that you would like to learn or companies you’d like to see a valuation learning session on in the future.